Ubushinwa bwageze kuri Mars

NaJoey RouletteYavuguruweGicurasi 14, 2021, 8:50 pm EDT

Ku wa gatanu, Ubushinwa bwinjije robobo zayo za mbere hejuru ya Marsbyemejweku mbuga nkoranyambaga, ibaye igihugu cya kabiri kibikora neza nyuma yo gutsinda ubutwari, iminota irindwi ikurikirana.Icyogajuru cyitwa Tianwen-1 cyo muri iki gihugu cyasohoye bundle ya rover-lander kugira ngo gikore kuri Marti hafi ya 7PM ET, gitangira ubutumwa bwo kwiga ikirere na geologiya itukura.

Ubu butumwa bugaragaza urugendo rwa mbere rw’Ubushinwa muri Mars, ku birometero 200 uvuye ku isi.Gusa NASA yashoboye kugwa no gukoresha rovers ku isi kera.(Icyogajuru cya Mars 3 cyo muri Leta zunze ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti cyageze ku mubumbe wa 1971 maze gishyikirana amasegonda 20 mbere yuko umwijima utunguranye.) Inshingano y'Ubushinwa, irimo ibyogajuru bitatu bikorana, biragoye cyane ku nshuro ya mbere - ubutumwa bwa mbere muri Amerika, Viking 1 muri 1976, yarimo gusa nyirubutaka yoherejwe mubushakashatsi bwayo.

Kumanuka byabereye muri Utopia Planitia, igice kinini cy'ubutaka bwa Martiya ndetse n'akarere kamwe aho indege ya Viking 2 ya NASA yakoraga mu 1976. Nyuma yo gukoraho hasi, nyir'ubutaka azakingura igitereko maze akoreshe roho ya Zhurong yo mu Bushinwa, izuba rifite ibiziga bitandatu- robot ifite imbaraga yitiriwe imana yumuriro mumigani ya kera yubushinwa.Rover itwara ibintu byinshi mububiko, harimo kamera ebyiri, Mars-Rover Subsurface Exploration Radar, Mars Magnetic Field Detector, na Monitori ya Meteorology.

Icyogajuru cya Tianwen-1 cyoherejwe mu kirere cyoherejwe na Wenchang icyogajuru mu ntara ya Hainan mu Bushinwa ku ya 23 Nyakanga umwaka ushize, kigenda mu rugendo rw'amezi arindwi kigana ku mubumbe utukura.Ikigo cy’icyogajuru cyitwa “cyakoraga bisanzwe” kuva cyinjira muri orbit ya Mars muri Gashyantare, nkuko byatangajwe n’ikigo cy’igihugu cy’Ubushinwa (CNSA) mu gitondo cyo kuri uyu wa gatanu.Yakusanyije "umubare munini" wamakuru yubumenyi kandi ifotora amafoto ya Mars mugihe azenguruka.

Ifoto ya Wang Zhao / AFP ukoresheje amashusho ya Getty

Urugendo rwa Tianwen-1, rufashe bundle ya rover-lander, rumaze amezi arenga atatu rushakisha aho Utopia Planitia igwa, ruguruka hafi ya Mars buri masaha 49 muri orbit ya elliptique (ishusho ya orbital ifite amagi).Andereya Jones, umunyamakuru ukurikirana ibikorwa by'Ubushinwa mu kirere.

Noneho hejuru ya Martian, rover ya Zhurong izatangira ubutumwa byibura amezi atatu yo kwiga ikirere cya Mars na geologiya.

"Inshingano nyamukuru ya Tianwen-1 ni ugukora ubushakashatsi ku isi hose kandi bwagutse ku isi yose ukoresheje orbiter, no kohereza rover ahantu nyaburanga hagamijwe ubushakashatsi kugira ngo hakorwe iperereza rirambuye kandi ryuzuye".yanditseKamere y'ikirereumwaka ushize.Imashini igera kuri 240 kg yikubye hafi inshuro ebyiri ubwinshi bwubushinwa bwa Yutu Moon.

Tianwen-1 ni izina ry'ubutumwa rusange bwa Mars, bwitiriwe umuvugo muremure “Tianwen,” bisobanura ngo “Ibibazo byo mwijuru.”Irerekana ibyagezweho muburyo bwihuse bwiterambere mubushakashatsi bwikirere kubushinwa.Igihugu cyabaye igihugu cya mbere mumateka kugezaubutaka no gukoresha roverkuruhande rwa Ukwezi muri 2019. Yarangije kandi aubutumwa bwintangarugero bwukwezimu Kuboza umwaka ushize, kohereza robot ku Kwezi kandi byihuse kuyisubiza ku Isi hamwe na cache y'amabuye y'ukwezi kugirango isuzumwe.

 Ifoto ya STR / AFP ukoresheje amashusho ya Getty

Vuba aha, Ubushinwa bwatangije icyiciro cya mbere cy’ibibanza byateganijwe mu kirere, Tianhe, bizajya bibera amatsinda y’ibyogajuru.Roketi yarashe iyo module yabyaye anmpuzamahangahejuru aho kwisi irashobora gusubira.(Amaherezoreenteredhejuru y’inyanja y'Ubuhinde, kandi uduce twinshi twa roketi twarashe hafi y'ibirometero 30 uvuye ku kirwa cyo muri Malidiya, nk'uko guverinoma y'Ubushinwa yabivuze.)

Nubwo uru rugendo rukomeye rwerekeza kuri Mars hamwe na batatu muri robo eshatu, Ubushinwa bwibanze ku kwezi - aho niho hajya gahunda ya NASA ya Artemis.Mu ntangiriro z'uyu mwaka, Ubushinwayatangaje gahundakubaka sitasiyo y’ukwezi no gushingira hejuru yukwezi hamwe nu Burusiya, umufatanyabikorwa wa NASA umaze igihe kinini kuri sitasiyo mpuzamahanga.